What term describes enzymes that are fixed to a surface or to each other?

What term describes enzymes that are fixed to a surface or to each other?

• A. Protease enzyme
• B. Substrate
• C. Denatured enzyme
• D. Immobilised enzyme

Answer: (D)

Enzymes fixed to a surface or to other molecules are called immobilised enzymes. By anchoring the enzyme in place, it stays in the reaction system while substrates flow past or are stirred through, allowing repeated use of the same enzyme and easier separation of product from the enzyme. This arrangement is especially useful in industrial processes and biosensors because it can improve stability and enable continuous operation. The other terms don’t describe this situation: a protease enzyme is simply a type of enzyme that breaks down proteins, a substrate is what the enzyme acts on, and a denatured enzyme has lost its structure and activity, not its attachment to a surface.

Enzymes fixed to a surface or to other molecules are called immobilised enzymes. By anchoring the enzyme in place, it stays in the reaction system while substrates flow past or are stirred through, allowing repeated use of the same enzyme and easier separation of product from the enzyme. This arrangement is especially useful in industrial processes and biosensors because it can improve stability and enable continuous operation. The other terms don’t describe this situation: a protease enzyme is simply a type of enzyme that breaks down proteins, a substrate is what the enzyme acts on, and a denatured enzyme has lost its structure and activity, not its attachment to a surface.